{"id":3865,"date":"2020-07-07T11:03:32","date_gmt":"2020-07-07T11:03:32","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.istanbulafrica.com\/?p=3865"},"modified":"2020-08-06T12:05:53","modified_gmt":"2020-08-06T12:05:53","slug":"afrikadaki-ticaret-bloklari-ve-serbest-ticaret-alanlari","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.istanbulafrica.com\/tr\/afrikadaki-ticaret-bloklari-ve-serbest-ticaret-alanlari\/","title":{"rendered":"Afrika’daki Ticaret Bloklar\u0131 ve Serbest Ticaret Alanlar\u0131"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t
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\"\"<\/figure>

Afrika K\u0131tasal Serbest Ticaret B\u00f6lgesi (AfCFTA)<\/h3><\/div><\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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Afrika K\u0131tasal Serbest Ticaret B\u00f6lgesi (AfCFTA) bir serbest ticaret b\u00f6lgesidir. \u015eu an itibariyle, 55 Afrika Birli\u011fi \u00fclkesinden 54’\u00fc Afrika K\u0131ta Serbest Ticaret Anla\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131 imzalad\u0131. Bu \u00fclkelerin 24’\u00fcn\u00fcn onay mevduat i\u015fleminden sonra, Afrika K\u0131ta Serbest Ticaret Anla\u015fmas\u0131 2019 y\u0131l\u0131nda 24 \u00fclke i\u00e7in y\u00fcr\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011fe girmi\u015ftir.<\/p>

Anla\u015fma, \u00fcyelerin mallar\u0131n% 90’\u0131ndaki tarifeleri kald\u0131rmas\u0131n\u0131 ve k\u0131tadaki mallara, mallara ve hizmetlere \u00fccretsiz eri\u015fime izin vermesini gerektiriyor. Tarifelerin kald\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131n Afrika i\u00e7i ticareti art\u0131raca\u011f\u0131 tahmin edilmektedir.<\/p>

AfCFTA’n\u0131n hedefleri:<\/p>

  • Tek bir pazar yaratmak<\/li>
  • Sermayenin ve insanlar\u0131n dola\u015f\u0131m\u0131 yoluyla yat\u0131r\u0131m\u0131n kolayla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131<\/li>
  • K\u0131ta G\u00fcmr\u00fck Birli\u011fi’ne ge\u00e7i\u015f<\/li>
  • \u00dcye \u00fclkelerin end\u00fcstriyel kalk\u0131nmas\u0131n\u0131n te\u015fvik edilmesi<\/li><\/ul>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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    Etiyopya, Addis Ababa'daki Afrika Birli\u011fi Merkezi<\/figcaption>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/figure>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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    \"\"<\/figure>

    G\u00fcney Afrika Kalk\u0131nma Toplulu\u011fu (SADC)<\/h3><\/div><\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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    G\u00fcney Afrika Kalk\u0131nma Toplulu\u011fu (SADC) 1980 y\u0131l\u0131nda kurulmu\u015ftur ve \u00fcye \u00fclkelerin ekonomik b\u00fcy\u00fcmesini desteklemeyi ve sosyo-ekonomik durumunu geli\u015ftirmeyi ama\u00e7lamaktad\u0131r. SADC’nin \u015fu anda 16 \u00fcye \u00fclkesi bulunmaktad\u0131r: Angola, Botsvana, Komor Adalar\u0131, Demokratik Kongo Cumhuriyeti (DRC), Lesoto, Madagaskar, Malawi, Mauritius, Mozambik, Namibya, Sey\u015fel Adalar\u0131, G\u00fcney Afrika, Svaziland, Tanzanya Birle\u015fik Cumhuriyeti, Zambiya ve Zimbabve.<\/p>

    SADC b\u00f6lgesinin n\u00fcfusu 350 milyon ve GSY\u0130H 721 milyar dolar. Toplam ithalat ve ihracat rakamlar\u0131 s\u0131ras\u0131yla 185 Milyar $ ve 191 Milyar $ d\u0131r. SADC’nin merkezi Gaborone, Botsvana’dad\u0131r.<\/p>

    SADC Serbest Ticaret B\u00f6lgesi (SADC FTA), \u00fcye \u00fclkeler aras\u0131nda uluslararas\u0131 ticareti te\u015fvik etmek amac\u0131yla 2008 y\u0131l\u0131nda kurulmu\u015ftur. Angola ve DRC d\u0131\u015f\u0131ndaki t\u00fcm \u00fcye \u00fclkeler Serbest Ticaret B\u00f6lgesi’ne kat\u0131ld\u0131. SADC (G\u00fcney Afrika Kalk\u0131nma Toplulu\u011fu), COMESA (Do\u011fu ve G\u00fcney Afrika Ortak Pazar\u0131) ve EAC (Do\u011fu Afrika Toplulu\u011fu) 2008 y\u0131l\u0131nda Afrika Serbest Ticaret B\u00f6lgesi’ni (AFTZ) kurdu. AFTZ 26 \u00fclkeden olu\u015fuyor.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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    SADC'nin Gaborone, Botsvana'daki genel merkezi<\/figcaption>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/figure>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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    Do\u011fu ve G\u00fcney Afrika Ortak Pazar\u0131 (COMESA)<\/h3><\/div><\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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    Do\u011fu ve G\u00fcney Afrika Ortak Pazar\u0131 (COMESA) bir serbest ticaret b\u00f6lgesidir. \u015eu anda, COMESA anla\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131n bir par\u00e7as\u0131 olan 21 \u00fclke var. Bu \u00fclkeler: Burundi, Komorlar, D.R. Kongo, Cibuti, M\u0131s\u0131r, Eswatini, Eritre, Etiyopya, Kenya, Libya, Madagaskar, Malavi, Mauritius, Ruanda, Sey\u015fel Adalar\u0131, Somali, Sudan, Tunus, Uganda, Zambiya, Zimbabve. COMESA’n\u0131n eski \u00fcyeleri Angola, Lesoto, Mozambik, Namibya ve Tanzanya’d\u0131r.<\/p>

    \u015eu anda Do\u011fu ve G\u00fcney Afrika Ortak Pazar\u0131 560 milyon n\u00fcfusu ve 768 Milyar $ GSY\u0130H’yi kapsamaktad\u0131r. Merkezi Lusaka, Zambiya’dad\u0131r.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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    Lusaka, Zambiya COMESA'n\u0131n Genel Merkezi<\/figcaption>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/figure>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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    Bat\u0131 Afrika Devletleri Ekonomi Toplulu\u011fu (ECOWAS)<\/h3><\/div><\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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    Bat\u0131 Afrika Devletleri Ekonomik Toplulu\u011fu (ECOWAS), ekonomik i\u015fbirli\u011fini geli\u015ftirmek ve \u00fcye \u00fclkelerdeki ya\u015fam standartlar\u0131n\u0131 y\u00fckseltmek amac\u0131yla 1975 y\u0131l\u0131nda kuruldu. ECOWAS 1990 y\u0131l\u0131ndan beri kendi serbest ticaret alan\u0131na sahiptir. \u00dcye \u00fclkeler ortak bir ithalat tarifesi kabul etmektedir. ECOWAS’\u0131n \u015fu anda 15 \u00fcye \u00fclkesi bulunmaktad\u0131r: Benin, Burkina Faso, Cabo Verde, Fildi\u015fi Sahili, Gambiya, Gana, Gine, Gine-Bissau, Liberya, Mali, Nijer, Nijerya, Senegal, Sierra Leone ve Togo. ECOWAS Serbest Ticaret B\u00f6lgesi \u00fcye \u00fclkelerden olu\u015fmaktad\u0131r ve Bat\u0131 Afrika’daki en b\u00fcy\u00fck aktif serbest ticaret b\u00f6lgesidir. Organizasyonun merkezi Abuja, Nijerya’dad\u0131r.<\/p>

    ECOWAS’\u0131n \u00fcye \u00fclkeleri i\u00e7in de para politikalar\u0131 vard\u0131r. Bat\u0131 Afrika Ekonomik ve Parasal Birli\u011fi (UEMOA) ECOWAS \u00fcyeleri i\u00e7in ortak bir kurulu\u015ftur. Bu \u00fclkeler ortak para birimi olarak CFA frang\u0131 payla\u015fmaktad\u0131r. Bu \u00fclkeler Benin, Burkina Faso, Fildi\u015fi Sahili, Gine-Bissau, Mali, Nijer, Senegal ve Togo.<\/p>

    ECOWAS \u00fcye devletleri taraf\u0131ndan kurulan ikinci parasal organizasyon Bat\u0131 Afrika Para B\u00f6lgesi’dir (WAMZ). WAMZ’\u0131n kurucu alt\u0131 \u00fcyesi Eco ad\u0131 verilen ortak bir para birimi olu\u015fturmay\u0131 planl\u0131yor. \u00dcyeler Gambiya, Gana, Gine, Liberya, Nijerya ve Sierra Leone’dir.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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    ECOWAS'\u0131n merkezi Abuja, Nijerya'da<\/figcaption>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/figure>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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    Orta Afrika Devletleri Ekonomi Toplulu\u011fu (ECCAS)<\/h3><\/div><\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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    Orta Afrika Devletleri Ekonomi Toplulu\u011fu (ECCAS), Orta Afrika’da b\u00f6lgesel ekonomiyi te\u015fvik etmektedir. ECCAS’\u0131n kurulu\u015fu 1964 y\u0131l\u0131nda kurulan Orta Afrika G\u00fcmr\u00fck ve Ekonomik Birli\u011fi’ne (UDEAC) dayanmaktad\u0131r. \u00dcye devletler Angola, Burundi, Kamerun, Orta Afrika Cumhuriyeti, \u00c7ad, Kongo (Brazzaville), Demokratik Kongo Cumhuriyeti, Ekvator Ginesi, Gabon, Ruanda, Sao Tome ve Principe. ECCAS’\u0131n merkezi Libreville, Gabon’da bulunmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>

    Orta Afrika Ekonomik ve Parasal Toplulu\u011fu, ayn\u0131 para birimini (CFA frang\u0131) payla\u015fan 6 \u00fclke taraf\u0131ndan kurulan bir yan kurulu\u015ftur. Ekonomik b\u00fcy\u00fcmeyi te\u015fvik etmeyi ve \u00fcye devletler aras\u0131nda para birli\u011fi olu\u015fturmay\u0131 ama\u00e7l\u0131yor.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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    ECCAS'\u0131n Libreville, Gabon'daki genel merkezi<\/figcaption>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/figure>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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    Do\u011fu Afrika Toplulu\u011fu (EAC)<\/h3><\/div><\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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    Do\u011fu Afrika Toplulu\u011fu (EAC) 2000 y\u0131l\u0131nda Great Lakes B\u00f6lgesi’ndeki 6 \u00fcye \u00fclke taraf\u0131ndan kurulan uluslararas\u0131 bir organizasyondur. \u00dcye \u00fclkeleri Burundi, Kenya, Ruanda, G\u00fcney Sudan, Tanzanya ve Uganda’d\u0131r. Organizasyonun y\u00f6netim merkezi Tanzanya’n\u0131n Arusha kentindedir. EAC, serbest ticaret alan\u0131n\u0131 te\u015fvik eder ve \u00fcye \u00fclkeler aras\u0131nda ekonomik i\u015fbirli\u011fini geni\u015fletir.<\/p>

    \u00d6rg\u00fct Do\u011fu Afrika G\u00fcmr\u00fck Birli\u011fi’ne ula\u015ft\u0131 ve mallar i\u00e7in ortak bir pazar kurdu. 2008 y\u0131l\u0131nda, EAC’nin serbest ticaret b\u00f6lgesi SADC b\u00f6lgesine ve COMESA b\u00f6lgesine geni\u015fletildi. Para birli\u011fi EAC’nin yeni ama\u00e7lar\u0131ndan biridir.<\/p>

    G\u00fcmr\u00fck Birli\u011fi’ne g\u00f6re, \u00fcye \u00fclkeler taraf\u0131ndan ortak bir d\u0131\u015f tarife uygulanmaktad\u0131r. Ayr\u0131ca, \u00fcyeler aras\u0131ndaki ticaret g\u00fcmr\u00fcks\u00fczd\u00fcr. Tarife oranlar\u0131 malzeme t\u00fcr\u00fcne ba\u011fl\u0131d\u0131r: Hammaddeler (% 0), ara \u00fcr\u00fcnler (% 10), mamuller (% 25).<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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    EAC'nin Arusha, Tanzanya'daki genel merkezi<\/figcaption>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/figure>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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    Sahel-Sahra Devletleri Toplulu\u011fu (CEN-SAD)<\/h3><\/div><\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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    Sahel-Sahra Devletleri Toplulu\u011fu (CEN-SAD) 1998 y\u0131l\u0131nda kuruldu. \u00dcye \u00fclkeler aras\u0131nda b\u00f6lgesel refah\u0131 art\u0131rmak ve ticaret hacmini art\u0131rmak i\u00e7in CEN-SAD kuruldu. Mallar\u0131n, sermayenin ve insanlar\u0131n serbest dola\u015f\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 te\u015fvik etti. \u00dcye \u00fclkeler: Benin, Burkina Faso, Orta Afrika Cumhuriyeti, \u00c7ad, Komor Adalar\u0131, Fildi\u015fi Sahili, Cibuti, M\u0131s\u0131r, Eritre, Gambiya, Gana, Gine-Bissau, Libya, Mali, Moritanya, Fas, Nijer, Nijerya, Senegal , Sierra Leone, Somali, Sudan, Togo ve Tunus. Organizasyonun merkezi Libya’n\u0131n Trablus kentindedir.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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    2016 M\u0131s\u0131r'da Cen-Sad Zirvesi<\/figcaption>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/figure>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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    H\u00fck\u00fcmetleraras\u0131 Kalk\u0131nma Otoritesi (IGAD)<\/h3><\/div><\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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    H\u00fck\u00fcmetler Aras\u0131 Kalk\u0131nma Otoritesi (IGAD) Do\u011fu Afrika’da h\u00fck\u00fcmetler aras\u0131 bir kurulu\u015ftur. 1996 y\u0131l\u0131nda kuruldu. Genel merkezi Cibuti \u015fehrinde bulunmaktad\u0131r. \u00dcye devletler Cibuti, Etiyopya, Eritre, Kenya, Somali, Sudan, G\u00fcney Sudan ve Uganda’d\u0131r. Organizasyonun amac\u0131 \u00fcye \u00fclkelerin ticaret, yat\u0131r\u0131m ve finansal ge\u00e7mi\u015flerini iyile\u015ftirmektir.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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    \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\"\"\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t
    Cibuti'deki IGAD Genel Merkezi<\/figcaption>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/figure>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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    <\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t
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    \"\"<\/figure>

    Arap Ma\u011frip Birli\u011fi (AMU)<\/h3><\/div><\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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    Arap Maghreb Birli\u011fi (AMU) 1989 y\u0131l\u0131nda kurulmu\u015ftur. \u00dcye \u00fclkeler Cezayir, Libya, Moritanya, Fas ve Tunus’tur. Organizasyonun ama\u00e7lar\u0131 aras\u0131nda serbest ticaret b\u00f6lgesi, g\u00fcmr\u00fck birli\u011fi ve ortak pazar kurulmas\u0131 yer al\u0131yor. Ancak \u00f6rg\u00fct, Fas ve Cezayir aras\u0131ndaki muhalefet nedeniyle uykudayd\u0131. Organizasyon, Rabat, Fas’tan y\u00f6netiliyor.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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    AMU \u00dcye \u00dclkelerinin D\u0131\u015fi\u015fleri Bakanlar\u0131<\/figcaption>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/figure>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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    <\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t
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    Afrika Serbest Ticaret B\u00f6lgesi (AFTZ)<\/h3><\/div><\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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    Afrika Serbest Ticaret B\u00f6lgesi (AFTZ) 2008 y\u0131l\u0131nda COMESA-SADC-EAC zirvesinde kuruldu. SADC, COMESA ve EAC ticaret bloklar\u0131 AFTZ’yi olu\u015fturuyor. \u00dcye \u00fclkeler M\u0131s\u0131r, Libya, Sudan, Angola, Botsvana, Burundi, Komorlar, Cibuti, Dominik Cumhuriyeti, Eritre, Etiyopya, Kenya, Lesoto, Madagaskar, Malavi, Mauritius, Mozambik, Namibya, Ruanda, Sey\u015fel Adalar\u0131, Svaziland, G\u00fcney Afrika, Tanzanya, Birle\u015fik Cumhuriyeti, Uganda, Zambiya ve Zimbabve.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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    <\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

    Afrika K\u0131tasal Serbest Ticaret B\u00f6lgesi (AfCFTA) Afrika K\u0131tasal Serbest Ticaret B\u00f6lgesi (AfCFTA) bir serbest ticaret b\u00f6lgesidir. \u015eu an itibariyle, 55 […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":3871,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[2701],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-3865","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-rapor"],"yoast_head":"\nAfrika'daki Ticaret Bloklar\u0131 ve Serbest Ticaret Alanlar\u0131 - \u0130hracat ve \u0130thalat<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Afrika K\u0131tas\u0131nda ticaret bloklar\u0131 ve serbest ticaret alanlar\u0131 anla\u015fmalar\u0131. 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